An Artillery Battery is a unit that specializes in heavy fire power weapons. Modern day artillery units carry rockets, mortars, and missiles. However, during the time of the civil war, this generally meant one thing.
Cannons.
And variations thereof.
Historically a “Battery” consisted of a group of cannons, howitzers, and mortars coordinating fire. The Cannons and Howitzers are defined by the weight of the ordinance it can hurl. Therefore, a 10lb cannon can fire a 10lb cannon ball. According to www.civilwarhome.com, the term “Light Artillery” indicated that the cannoniers were mounted and therefore could move faster than their unmounted counterparts. The guns were typically lower in weight in order to aid in their mobility.
Another civil war blog, To the Sound of the Guns, lists ordinance records and inventory from various Indiana Batteries including the 10th. According to these inventories, the unit carried two 12pd field howitzers and four 10pd Parrotts. For those who are interested, To the Sound of the Guns also lists inventories of related equipment gleaned at various points from the units.
Image of a 10lb Parrott
Image of a 12 lb Howitzer